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    【肺癌筛查研究】NELSON
    • 音乐人生 2019-11-22 21:41 21:41
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    基于筛查历史的风险分层

           关于肺癌筛查的最佳策略仍存在争议。在这项研究中,如果既往荷兰-比利时肺癌筛查试验(NELSON)的筛查史能够预测最终筛选的筛选结果(检测结果和肺癌风险),则对其进行进一步的研究。
                    研究人员将15 792名参与者随机分组(1:1),其中7900人随机分入筛查组。CT筛查分别在试验开始、第1、2和2.5年进行。可能出现三个筛选结果:阴性、不确定或阳性。计算各组第四轮筛选结果的概率。
                    根据前三轮的结果,确定了三个亚组:(1)具有阴性结果(n=3856;73.0%)的亚组;(2)≥1的不确定结果,但没有阳性结果(n=1342;25.5%);(3)≥1阳性结果(n=81; 1.5%)。第1组在第4轮具有阴性扫描结果的可能性最高(97.2%,对94.8%、90.1%,P<0.001),第4轮检测出肺癌的风险最低(0.6%对 1.6%, P= 0.001)。"吸烟年数"和"筛选历史"显著预测了第四轮测试结果。第三轮结果提示,对于具有阴性结果的患者,肺癌检出率(2.5年间隔)为0.6%,而不确定结果者为3.7%。
                    由此可见,既往的CT肺癌筛查结果为进行肺癌筛查者的进一步风险分层提供了依据。
                    原始出处:
                    Uraujh Yousaf-Khan, et al.Risk stratification based on screening history: the NELSON lung cancer screening study.Thorax. March 2017.

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    • 音乐人生 VIP会员 2019-11-22 21:45 21:451楼

      NELSON trial

      Occurrence and lung cancer probability of new solid nodules at incidence screening with low-dose CT: analysis of data from the randomised, controlled NELSON trial
      Joan E Walter, Marjolein A Heuvelmans, Pim A de Jong, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Peter M A van Ooijen, Robin B Peters, Kevin ten Haaf,
      Uraujh Yousaf-Khan, Carlijn M van der Aalst, Geertruida H de Bock, Willem Mali, Harry J M Groen, Harry J de Koning, Matthijs Oudkerk
      Summary
      Background US guidelines now recommend lung cancer screening with low-dose CT for high-risk individuals.
      Reports of new nodules after baseline screening have been scarce and are inconsistent because of diff erences in definitions used. We aimed to identify the occurrence of new solid nodules and their probability of being lung cancer at incidence screening rounds in the Dutch-Belgian Randomized Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NELSON).
      Methods In the ongoing, multicentre, randomised controlled NELSON trial, between Dec 23, 2003, and July 6, 2006, 15 822 participants who had smoked at least 15 cigarettes a day for more than 25 years or ten cigarettes a day for more than 30 years and were current smokers, or had quit smoking less than 10 years ago, were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either screening with low-dose CT (n=7915) or no screening (n=7907).
      From Jan 28, 2004, to Dec 18, 2006, 7557 individuals underwent baseline screening with low-dose CT; 7295 participants underwent second and third screening rounds. We included all participants with solid non-calcifi ed nodules, registered by the NELSON radiologists as new or smaller than 15 mm³ (study detection limit) at previous screens. Nodule volume was generated semiautomatically by software. We calculated the maximum volume doubling time for nodules with an estimated percentage volume change of 25% or more, representing the minimum growth rate for the time since the previous scan. Lung cancer diagnosis was based on histology, and benignity was based on histology or stable size for at least 2 years. The NELSON trial is registered at trialregister.nl, number ISRCTN63545820.
      Findings We analysed data for participants with at least one solid non-calcifi ed nodule at the second or third screening round. In the two incidence screening rounds, the NELSON radiologists registered 1222 new solid nodules in 787 (11%) participants. A new solid nodule was lung cancer in 49 (6%) participants with new solid nodules and, in total, 50 lung cancers were found, representing 4% of all new solid nodules. 34 (68%) lung cancers were diagnosed at stage I. Nodule volume had a high discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating curve 0·795 [95% CI 0·728–0·862]; p<0·0001). Nodules smaller than 27 mm³ had a low probability of lung cancer (two [0·5%] of 417 nodules; lung cancer probability 0·5% [95% CI 0·0–1·9]), nodules with a volume of 27 mm³ up to 206 mm³ had an intermediate probability (17 [3·1%] of 542 nodules; lung cancer probability 3·1% [1·9–5·0]), and nodules of 206 mm³ or greater had a high probability (29 [16·9%] of 172 nodules; lung cancer probability 16·9% [12·0–23·2]).
      A volume cutoff value of 27 mm³ or greater had more than 95% sensitivity for lung cancer.
      Interpretation
      Our study shows that new solid nodules are detected at each screening round in 5–7% of individuals who undergo screening for lung cancer with low-dose CT. These new nodules have a high probability of malignancy even at a small size. These fi ndings should be considered in future screening guidelines, and new solid nodules should be followed up more aggressively than nodules detected at baseline screening.

    • 音乐人生 VIP会员 2019-11-22 21:46 21:462楼

      CT 筛查中新发结节数目与肺癌发病率关系不大

      荷兰Groningen 大学医学中心
      Walter 等报告,低剂量CT 筛查肺癌
      时,受试者新结节数量单一因素与肺
      癌发病率的相关性不大。但新结节
      数量与最大新结节直径呈正相关,
      仅依靠结节大小可以提高对肺癌风
      险的预测价值。(Lung Cancer. 2018
      年5 月14 日在线版 doi: 10.1016/
      j.lungcan.2018.05.007)
      为了明确低剂量CT 筛查发现的
      新结节数目与肺癌发生间的关系,
      Nelson 研究中在基线筛查时发现新发
      的(亚)实性结节受试者的数据被纳
      入分析。
      结果显示,共入组705 例受试者,
      包括964 个新增结节。48% 的受试者
      基线期未发现结节,22% 发现至少1
      个新结节(1~12 个新结节)。在具有
      一个新结节的受试者中,肺癌确诊率
      为9%(65 例)。
      这65 例肺癌确诊患者的新结节在
      最初发现时均是最大的结节或均是唯
      一被发现的新结节。1 个新结节与>1
      个新结节受试者发生肺癌的概率无显
      著性差异(P=0.116)。新结节数目的
      增加与最大结节直径的大小呈正相关
      (P<0.001)。校正最大新结节直径大
      小后,新结节数目与肺癌呈显著负相
      关(OR=0.59,P=0.03)。

    • 音乐人生 VIP会员 2019-11-22 21:47 21:473楼

      NELSON:低剂量CT肺癌筛查研究


      Harry Koning教授背景全国肺筛查试验(NLST)显示连续三年的低剂量CT筛查对比胸片筛查,可以降低20%的肺癌病死率。这一研究入组了53454例高危人群,其中男性占59%。事后分析显示,不同性别患者从筛查中的获益程度有一定差异,其中男性RR为0.92;女性RR为0.73(P=0.08)。不同性别人群获益的差异与不同组织学类型肺癌的疾病自然史相一致,女性相比于男性接受CT筛查,可以较自然诊断更早发现肺癌。除NLST研究外,目前尚无任何RCT研究证实CT筛查可以带来肺癌病死率的提高。方法
      NELSON研究是一项随机对照临床研究,从全国登记人口招募,分为筛查组和非筛查组,采用不同的筛查间隔。同时计算CT检测发现的肺结节的体积和体积倍增时间,所有的CT图像均为中心阅片,通过国家登记处对患者进行随访。研究最初的假设为随机后10年,筛查可以可以降低&gt;=25%的肺癌病死率。研究最初从人口登记处纳入606409例50-74岁的男性和女性人群,颁发问卷调查人群参加的意愿,完成问卷的148730人。最后筛选符合入组要求的30959例受试者,其中签署知情同意书的15822例,1:1随机分配的15792例。入组标准包括年龄50-74岁,重度吸烟史(&gt;10根/天持续30年以上或&gt;15根/天持续25年以上),戒烟时间&lt;=10年。
      结果筛查组和对照组分别为7900和7892例,其中两组的的性别、年龄、吸烟包年数和当下吸烟者等特征相当。分别在第1、2、4和6.5年进行CT筛查,对照组则采用常规模式,未进行筛查。筛查组接受各轮筛查的人数和筛查出阳性结果的患者数总结见下下表。对于发现了良恶性不定结节的人群,会邮寄通知书,并在3-4个月后再次进行一个CT检测。
      筛查组和对照组进行对比,诊断第一原发肺癌的患者数目显著更多。将筛查组、对照组和国家癌症登记处中,各分期患者比例进行对比,结果显示筛查组中Ia期患者比例显著更高,达到50%,见下图。
      累积肺癌病死人数对比,筛查组为157例,对照组为214例。肺癌病死率对比,在男性人群中,第8年、9年和10年,筛查组对比对照组,肺癌病死率均显著降低,HR分别为0.75,0.76和0.74。女性人群中,肺癌病死率夏季更为显著,HR分别为0.39、0.47和0.61,总结见下表。
      总结高危男性通过筛查可以降低26%(95%CI 9-40%)的肺癌死亡风险;在女性中,降低的死亡风险更为显著,为39-61%。这一研究结果较NLST研究的结果,获益更为显著,并提示除男女获益有别。这一研究结果证实,对于高危的既往或当下吸烟者,接受低剂量CT筛查,可以显著降低肺癌病死率,男女均可以从筛查中获益。John Field教授现场点评
      点评专家:John Field教授过去20年,我们对肺癌筛查经过了众多的研究探索,直到2011年,NLST的研究结果首次看到低剂量CT相比于X线可以降低20%的肺癌病死率。从NLST的研究结果中,我们看到男性和女性从肺癌筛查中的获益有别。在NLST研究中,筛查出男/女患者比例为41% vs 59%,其中男性和女性肺癌病死率分别降低8%和27%。在NELSON研究中,同样观察到这一现象,筛查出的男性和女性患者比为16% vs 84%,分别降低26%和39-61%的病死率。
      此外,NELSON研究还有几大特色,其采用结节体积和增长速度对CT筛查出的结节进行管理。其中2.3%的筛查者推荐去呼吸科就诊,9.2%和筛查者检测到良恶性未定的结节。同时这一研究采用不同于每年筛查的模式,对尚存争议的年度筛查模式提出质疑。这一研究的结果将为未来肺结节的管理提供重要依据。过去,关于肺癌的筛查我们至关注到患者的危险因素来制定筛查方案,未来,否应该整合患者后续的治疗方案来制定筛查计划,这将是未来的重要探索方向,可以对筛查人群进行全程的管理。关于肺癌的筛查,仍有很多值得思考的问题。第一,要重新评估目前的筛查策略;爹人,要评估招募筛查人群的方法;第三,同时应该整合术后的个体化干预来值得筛查方案。最后,John Field教授总结道,基于这两项大型研究,(在欧洲)进行肺癌筛查的地位确立。

    • 音乐人生 VIP会员 2019-11-22 21:47 21:474楼

      NELSON 研究显示,
      使用CT筛查无症状的肺癌高危男性,
      可使10 年肺癌死亡率降低26%(符
      合率为86%,95%CI 9%~41%)。而
      女性肺癌死亡率降低更显著,幅度为
      39%~61%。(摘要号PL02.05)
      该研究结果较NLST 研究结果,
      获益更为显著,且提示获益方面男女
      有别。该研究结果证实,对于高危曾
      吸烟或当前吸烟者,接受低剂量CT
      筛查可显著降低肺癌死亡率,男女皆
      可从筛查中获益。
      该项基于人群的随机对照研究纳
      入15 792 名受试者,按1 ︰ 1 的比例
      随机分入组筛查组或对照组。筛查组分别在试验开始时、第1 年、第3 年
      和第5.5 年接受低剂量CT 筛查,对照
      组不接受筛查。专家小组审查了65%
      的案例。除外已故患者,93.7% 的受
      试者的随访期至少为10 年。
      NELSON 研究采用结节体积和增
      长速度对CT筛查出的结节进行管理,
      其中2.3% 的受试者呼吸科就诊,9.2%
      检测到良恶性难辨的结节。该研究不
      是采用每年筛查模式,对尚存争议的
      年度筛查模式提出质疑。该研究结果
      将为未来肺结节的管理提供重要依据。
      以往我们只关注患者的危险因素制定
      筛查计划,将来应整合患者后续治疗
      来制定筛查计划,对筛查人群进行全
      程管理。
      关于筛查,还有一些问题值得探
      讨:要重新评估目前的筛查策略;评
      估招募筛查人群的方法;整合术后的
      个体化干预来制定筛查方案。不过基
      于NELSON 研究和NLST 研究,肺癌
      筛查的地位确立,研究结果可指导未
      来的筛查工作。

    • Huang VIP会员 2020-02-14 12:59 12:595楼

      肺癌高危人群的CT 筛查获益显著

      荷兰研究者de Koning 等报告,在高危人群中,低剂量CT筛查者相对不筛查者可显著降低肺癌死亡率。(N Engl J Med.2020; 382:503-513. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911793)
      在曾吸烟和目前仍吸烟的男性中,低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)筛查是否可以降低肺癌死亡率的随机试验数据有限。该研究共纳入了年龄50~74 岁的男性13 195名(主要分析)和女性2594 名(亚组分析),并随机分入基线(T0)、第1 年、第3 年和第5.5 年时CT筛查组或不筛查组,数据与荷兰和比利时的国家注册机构相关联,获得有关癌症诊断以及死亡日期和原因的数据,并经审查委员会尽可能确认肺癌死因。所有参与者均至少完成了10 年的随访,直至2015 年12 月31 日。
      结果显示,男性对CT 筛查的平均依从率为90.0%。平均9.2%的筛查参与者至少接受过一次额外的CT 扫描(最初不确诊时)。可疑结节的总转诊率为2.1%。随访10 年,筛查组肺癌的发病率为每千人年5.58 例,对照组为4.91例,肺癌死亡率分别为每千人年2.50 例和3.30 例。
      与对照组相比,筛查组10 年时的肺癌累积死亡率比为0.76(95%CI 0.61~0.94,P=0.01),与对照组随访8 年和9 年的数据相近。女性随访10 年的肺癌累积死亡率比为0.67(95%CI 0.38~1.14),随访7~9 年的率比为0.41~0.52。


      Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial
      Harry J. de Koning

      https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1911793  


      Abstract

      BACKGROUND

      There are limited data from randomized trials regarding whether volume-based, low-dose computed tomographic (CT) screening can reduce lung-cancer mortality among male former and current smokers.

      METHODS

      A total of 13,195 men (primary analysis) and 2594 women (subgroup analyses) between the ages of 50 and 74 were randomly assigned to undergo CT screening at T0 (baseline), year 1, year 3, and year 5.5 or no screening. We obtained data on cancer diagnosis and the date and cause of death through linkages with national registries in the Netherlands and Belgium, and a review committee confirmed lung cancer as the cause of death when possible. A minimum follow-up of 10 years until December 31, 2015, was completed for all participants.

      RESULTS

      Among men, the average adherence to CT screening was 90.0%. On average, 9.2% of the screened participants underwent at least one additional CT scan (initially indeterminate). The overall referral rate for suspicious nodules was 2.1%. At 10 years of follow-up, the incidence of lung cancer was 5.58 cases per 1000 person-years in the screening group and 4.91 cases per 1000 person-years in the control group; lung-cancer mortality was 2.50 deaths per 1000 person-years and 3.30 deaths per 1000 person-years, respectively. The cumulative rate ratio for death from lung cancer at 10 years was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.94; P=0.01) in the screening group as compared with the control group, similar to the values at years 8 and 9. Among women, the rate ratio was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.14) at 10 years of follow-up, with values of 0.41 to 0.52 in years 7 through 9.

      CONCLUSIONS

      In this trial involving high-risk persons, lung-cancer mortality was significantly lower among those who underwent volume CT screening than among those who underwent no screening. There were low rates of follow-up procedures for results suggestive of lung cancer. (Funded by the Netherlands Organization of Health Research and Development and others; NELSON Netherlands Trial Register number, NL580. opens in new tab.)


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